Ubushinwa nigihugu kinini cya silicon wafer. Muri 2017, Ubushinwa bwa silicon wafer bwageze ku bice bingana na miliyari 18.8, bingana na 87,6GW, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 39%, bingana na 83% by’umusaruro wa wafer wa silicon ku isi, muri wo hakaba havuyemo ibicuruzwa bya silikoni ya monocrystalline. hafi miliyari 6. igice.
Ni iki rero giteza imbere iterambere ry’inganda za silicon wafer mu Bushinwa, hamwe n’ibintu bimwe na bimwe bigira ingaruka ku rutonde hepfo:
1. Ikibazo cy’ingufu gihatira abantu gushakisha ubundi buryo bw’ingufu
Dukurikije isesengura ry’ikigo cy’ingufu ku isi, gishingiye ku bubiko bw’ingufu zagaragaye muri iki gihe n’umuvuduko w’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y'agaciro, ubuzima busigaye bushobora kugarurwa na peteroli ku isi ni imyaka 45 gusa, naho ubuzima busigaye bushobora kugarurwa na gaze gasanzwe mu gihugu ni imyaka 15; ubuzima busigaye bushobora kugarurwa na gaze gasanzwe kwisi ni imyaka 61 Ubuzima busigaye bucukurwa mubushinwa ni imyaka 30; ubuzima busigaye bwacukurwa bwamakara kwisi ni imyaka 230, naho ubuzima busigaye bucukurwa mubushinwa ni imyaka 81; ubuzima busigaye bwacukurwa bwa uranium kwisi ni imyaka 71, naho ubuzima busigaye bucukurwa mubushinwa ni imyaka 50. Ububiko buke bwingufu za fosile gakondo butera abantu kwihutisha umuvuduko wo kubona izindi mbaraga zishobora kubaho.
Ibigega by’ingufu z’ibanze by’Ubushinwa biri munsi y’urwego rwo hejuru rw’isi, kandi ikibazo cyo gusimbuza ingufu z’Ubushinwa gishobora kongera ingufu kandi cyihutirwa kurusha ibindi bihugu byo ku isi. Imirasire y'izuba ntizagabanuka kubera ikoreshwa kandi nta ngaruka mbi ku bidukikije. Gutezimbere cyane inganda zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ni ingamba zingenzi nuburyo bwo gukemura amakimbirane ariho hagati y’Ubushinwa butanga ingufu n’ibisabwa ndetse no guhindura imiterere y’ingufu. Muri icyo gihe kandi, guteza imbere ingufu inganda zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba nazo ni ingamba zifatika zo guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere no kugera ku majyambere arambye y’ingufu mu bihe biri imbere, bityo bikaba bifite akamaro kanini.
2. Akamaro ko kurengera ibidukikije niterambere rirambye
Gukoresha cyane no gukoresha ingufu z’ibinyabuzima byateje umwanda mwinshi kandi byangiza ibidukikije ku isi abantu bashingiraho. Umwuka mwinshi wa karuboni ya dioxyde de carbone watumye isi igira ingaruka ku bimera ku isi, ari na byo byatumye habaho gushonga kw'ibarafu ya polarisi no kuzamuka kw'inyanja; imyuka myinshi yangiza imyanda iva mu nganda hamwe n’imyuka y’ibinyabiziga byatumye habaho kwangirika gukabije kw’ikirere ndetse n’indwara z’ubuhumekero. Abantu bamenye akamaro ko kurengera ibidukikije niterambere rirambye. Muri icyo gihe, ingufu z'izuba zahangayikishijwe cyane kandi zikoreshwa kubera ko zishobora kuvugururwa no kubungabunga ibidukikije. Guverinoma z’ibihugu bitandukanye zifata ingamba zinyuranye zo gushishikariza no guteza imbere inganda zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba, kongera ishoramari mu bushakashatsi n’iterambere, no gutuma umuvuduko w’ikoranabuhanga ry’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba wihuta cyane ku buryo bugaragara, kwaguka kwinshi kw’inganda, kuzamuka kw’isoko, inyungu z’ubukungu , inyungu z’ibidukikije n’inyungu rusange bigenda bigaragara cyane.
3. Politiki yo Guteza Imbere Guverinoma
Ingaruka ziterwa n’ingutu ebyiri z’ingufu zidasanzwe z’ibinyabuzima no kurengera ibidukikije, ingufu zishobora kuba buhoro buhoro zabaye igice cy’ingenzi mu igenamigambi ry’ingufu z’ibihugu bitandukanye. Muri byo, inganda zitanga amashanyarazi ni igice cy'ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu mu bihugu bitandukanye. Kuva muri Mata 2000, Ubudage bwemeje "Kuva Itegeko rishya ry’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa, guverinoma z’ibihugu bitandukanye zagiye zisohora politiki zitandukanye zo gushyigikira iterambere ry’inganda zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba. Izi politiki z’ingoboka zateje imbere iterambere ryihuse ry’umuriro w'amashanyarazi akomoka ku zuba. mu myaka mike ishize kandi izatanga amahirwe meza yiterambere ryumuriro wizuba wizuba mugihe kizaza leta yubushinwa nayo yatanze politiki na gahunda nyinshi, nka "Ibitekerezo byo Gushyira mubikorwa Kwihutisha ikoreshwa ryamazu ya Solar Photovoltaic", "Ingamba zagateganyo za imicungire y’amafaranga y’ingoboka y’imari mu mushinga wo kwerekana izuba " Gahunda yimyaka cumi nagatatu yimyaka itanu yo guteza imbere amashanyarazi ", nibindi. Iyi politiki na gahunda byateje imbere iterambere ry’inganda zitanga amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa.
4. Inyungu yikiguzi ituma inganda zikora izuba zikoreshwa mubushinwa
Bitewe n’Ubushinwa bugenda bugaragara mu biciro by’umurimo no gupima no gupakira, gukora ibicuruzwa bituruka ku mirasire y’izuba ku isi nabyo bigenda byinjira mu Bushinwa. Kugirango ugabanye ibiciro, abakora ibicuruzwa byanyuma muri rusange bafata ihame ryo kugura no guteranya hafi, kandi bagerageza kugura ibice byaho. Kubwibyo, kwimuka kwinganda zo hasi zikora nabyo bizagira ingaruka zitaziguye kumiterere yinkoni ya silicon yo hagati ninganda za wafer. Ubwiyongere bw'umusaruro ukomoka ku mirasire y'izuba mu Bushinwa bizongera ibyifuzo by'inkoni zo mu bwoko bwa silicon zo mu ngo na wafers, ari nako bizatera iterambere rikomeye ry'inkoni zose za silicon izuba hamwe n'inganda za wafers.
5. Ubushinwa bufite umutungo uruta iyindi mu guteza imbere ingufu z'izuba
Mu gihugu kinini cy'Ubushinwa, hari ingufu nyinshi z'izuba. Ubushinwa buherereye mu majyaruguru y’isi, bufite intera irenga kilometero zirenga 5.000 uva mu majyaruguru ugana mu majyepfo no mu burasirazuba ugana iburengerazuba. Ibice bibiri bya gatatu byubutaka bwigihugu bifite amasaha yizuba yumwaka arenga 2200, kandi imirasire yizuba yumwaka irenga megajoules 5.000 kuri metero kare. Mu gace keza, ubushobozi bwo guteza imbere no gukoresha ingufu zituruka ku mirasire y'izuba ni nini cyane. Ubushinwa bukungahaye kuri silikoni, bushobora gutanga ibikoresho fatizo mu guteza imbere ingufu inganda zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba. Ukoresheje ubutayu hamwe n’ahantu hubatswe amazu yubatswe buri mwaka, umubare munini wubutaka bwa marginal hamwe nigisenge hamwe n’urukuta birashobora gutangwa kugirango iterambere ry’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba;
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-20-2021
